A pressure ulcer (bedsore) is damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by prolonged pressure on one area of the body. It is common in bedbound patients and people with limited mobility. The good news is that many pressure ulcers can be prevented with the right care.
Why do pressure ulcers develop?
When a patient stays in the same position for a long time, the skin over bony areas is under constant pressure. This reduces blood flow to the area, and tissue that isn't properly nourished becomes damaged over time. Friction and moisture speed the process up.
The most common sites are the base of the spine, the hips, heels, elbows, shoulder blades and the back of the head.
Who is at risk?
- Bedbound patients or long-term wheelchair users
- People who aren't eating or drinking enough
- People with urinary or faecal incontinence
- Patients with diabetes or circulation problems
- People who have difficulty feeling pain or pressure
Recognise the early signs
Pressure ulcers are much easier to stop when they're spotted early. During daily care, check the skin over bony areas in particular:
- Redness that doesn't fade when pressed with a finger
- An area of skin that feels warmer, firmer or softer than the skin around it
- Purplish or bluish discolouration on darker skin
- Pain or a burning feeling in the area
What you can do at home
Change position regularly
Reposition the patient as often as the physician or nurse recommends (often every 2–4 hours, depending on risk).
Use pressure-relieving surfaces
Air (pressure-redistributing) mattresses and cushions help to reduce pressure.
Keep the skin clean and dry
Moisture makes skin easier to damage, so clean areas in contact with sweat or urine carefully.
Reduce friction
Keep sheets free of creases, and lift rather than drag the patient when moving them in bed.
Mind nutrition and fluids
Enough protein and fluids support the skin's resilience; ask your physician if there are special considerations.
Don't massage red areas
Massage can cause further damage to tissue that is already injured.
When to seek professional help
See your physician if there is an open wound, blistering, discharge, a bad smell or fever. We can help with regular dressings and monitoring of an existing wound.